THE PRACTICE IMPLEMENTATION OF JUST IN TIME INVENTORY...

PRESENTATION ON : THE PRACTICE IMPLEMENTATION OF JUST IN TIME INVENTORY (JIT)MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN PROCTER AND GARMBLE LTD. NIGERIA. THE PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES PRESNETED BY : ADEOYE AKEEM ADEGBENGA. CENTRE FOR POSTGRADUATE AND RESEARCH, KULLIYAH OF MAMAULAT, INSANIAH UNIVERSITY COLLEGE. TABLE OF CONTENTS. 1. Executive Summary 2. Company’s background 3. Introduction – JIT 4.0 Findings and Analysis 4.1 Poor implementation/practice 4.2 Problems and challenges 5 Recommendations 6 Conclusions. Executive Summary This study reflects on the implementation and practice of Just In Time (†¦show more content†¦For this, the time taken by the raw material to reach the manufacturing facility from the supplier should be known and secondly, the life of the raw material should be clearly determined beforehand. Once this information is handy, procedures should be formulated to ensure that the raw material arrives just in time, before the production starts so that little or no storage time is needed. Another thing that is needed to properly implement the JIT inventory system is that there should be good coordination between various points of a production process. There should be constant transmission of signals from one point to another regarding the status of production. Due to this clear and constant communication, each point of the manufacturing process will know when to order for inventory and how much to order so that it arrives just in time and in the required quantity. This is where the importance of the system lies. It ensures that there is neither wastage of time during the production process, nor there is any wastage of capital or production capacity, thus leading to faster production. When the production is fast, the finished goods reach the market fast too, thereby reducing the waiting time for the customers. This research focuses on the case study of JIT implementation in a manufacturing company as a means of analyzing the positive and negative aspects of

Mental Health Care Intentional Misdiagnosis Of Mental...

Overview of the Article Many mental health counselors work with managed care organizations (MCOs) to provide services to clients. While managed care guidelines determine how counselors deliver services and what they will be reimbursed for, many counselors are upset with how limiting the guidelines are. It is a challenge for counselors when insurance reimbursement is denied because the MCOs are not honoring DSM codes (Braun Cox, 2005). Therefore, counselors tend to submit inaccurate diagnoses that are reimbursable for their clients can receive services and they can be paid. However, this can lead to ethical and legal dilemmas for counselors. Braun and Cox (2005) address this issue in their article â€Å"Managed Mental Health Care: Intentional Misdiagnosis of Mental Disorders.† The article highlights the history of managed care and it’s impact on the delivery of mental health services in the United States. Counselors struggle with balancing the demands of MCOs and the we lfare of their clients. The authors highlight that the influence of MCOs create ethical and legal challenges counselors in different areas. Further, the article addressed the issues around DSM codes and MCO regulations of insurance reimbursement. (Braun Cox, 2005). It is unfortunate that some disorders are not reimbursable by insurance, which leaves the counselor to â€Å"chose between an accurate diagnosis that does not provide third party insurance reimbursement or inaccurately diagnosing their client forShow MoreRelatedAssessment and Diagnosis Essay examples915 Words   |  4 Pagesconceptualization and treatment planning will be explored. The potential implications of misdiagnosis will be the focus of the final section. Assessment Becoming acquainted with a potential client’s history, personality and present concerns is necessary in forming a foundation for counseling interventions. This information gathering phase is referred to as assessment (Mears, 2010). While some mental health professionals will use an interview as their primary assessment tool, others will utilizeRead MoreEssay about Case Conceptualization and Treatment Planning652 Words   |  3 Pagesdiagnosis as a framework used to identify problems or the focus of intervention. Mental health settings typically use the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition- Text Revision (DSM-IV- TR) (American Psychiatric Association, 2001). Diagnosis is the recognition of a problem that becomes the objective and goals of the counseling intervention it is also the detection of a disease, disorder, or syndrome based on some form of systematic assessment. â€Å"The problems associatedRead MoreThe Mental Health Profession, The Va riability Of Symptoms Essay1523 Words   |  7 PagesIn the mental health profession, the variability of symptoms has an impact on misdiagnosing clients, that can’t be overlooked. An example of how the variability of symptoms can lead to misdiagnosis is with the diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder after a traumatic brain injury. For example, memory gaps resulting from coma and post traumatic amnesia have the same characteristics Personality change, including impulsiveness, reduced insight, rigid thinking, reduced motivation, and impaired learningRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 PagesManagement Course: MBA−10 General Management California College for Health Sciences MBA Program McGraw-Hill/Irwin abc McGraw−Hill Primis ISBN: 0−390−58539−4 Text: Effective Behavior in Organizations, Seventh Edition Cohen Harvard Business Review Finance Articles The Power of Management Capital Feigenbaum−Feigenbaum International Management, Sixth Edition Hodgetts−Luthans−Doh Contemporary Management, Fourth Edition Jones−George Driving Shareholder Value Morin−Jarrell Leadership

Collaboration And Professionalism And There Use In Educational Strategies Free Essays

Collaboration, audience, engagement ; these are words used within educational schemes and enterprises but what do they all intend? Do they mean the same thing? Collaboration normally means to work with person to accomplish something. Consultation means a treatment between people or groups before they make a determination. Engagement means the procedure of taking portion in something. We will write a custom essay sample on Collaboration And Professionalism And There Use In Educational Strategies or any similar topic only for you Order Now ( Encarta Dictionary: English ( UK ) ) With mention to their dictionary significances, coaction, audience and engagement are really much linked together, but what has that got to make with instruction? Harmonizing to Head ( 2003 ) , coaction is valuable on a personal degree, it enhances moral support and assurance ; on a professional degree it provides improved effectivity, self-reflection and instructor acquisition, through sharing good pattern. Teachers and schools are all on the job towards the same ends. Effective schools need effectual communicating and coaction amongst staff, other agents, parents and students. ( Head, 2003 ) Christie et Al, ( 2007 ) , suggest it is good documented by ( King, 2002 ; Loughran, 2003 ) , that take parting collaboratively with a scope of other practicians allows cognition to be produced which goes beyond the limitations which affect the professional position. ( Christie, D.et Al, 2007 ) Without effectual communicating and coaction, instructors in schools can be incognizant of the cognition that exists between themselves ; as a consequence, they can non portion and pull upon that cognition. The formation of new cognition and improved patterns for instructors can non be left to opportunity or to establishments of instructor instruction in universities. Knowledge creative activity and airing are embedded in synergistic acquisition, processes which are shaped by structural and institutional agreements. ( Hargreaves. D, 1999 ) Hargreaves argues there are turning attempts to construct an effectual professional ethos of coaction to develop common ends, to get by with ambiguity and complexness. ( Hargreaves. A, 2000 ) In malice of this, if collegial methods merely back up coaction with other instructors and non signifiers of collaborative partnership with other people and professionals, instructors may go stray, which could convey about damaging effects in footings of cut downing their professional cognition and curtailing their ability to objectively knock policy and pattern. ( Christie.et al, 2007 ) Cordingley et Al. ( 2005 ) , cited by Forde et Al. ( 2006 ) , suggest coaction between instructors is about seeking out new thoughts, which helps to alter pattern and secures a instructor ‘s committedness within the school. Barth ( 2001 ) says that the key in learning-rich-schools is about instructors larning together. Some schools are developing professional acquisition communities where leading is seen as whole school instead than led merely by the Headteacher. Schools where this construct is taking topographic point have improved the ability to convey about better public presentation, higher degrees of motive and sustainable development. ( Forde et al. 2006 ) In Scotland, the McCrone Agreement places a duty on instructors to work together with co-workers and other people and professionals to prosecute the overall aims of the service. Teachers besides have a professional committedness to develop their accomplishments and expertness through an in agreement programme of go oning professional development ( CPD ) through an extra contractual 35 hours of CPD per twelvemonth. ( SEED, 2001 ) CPD plays an of import function in determining professional individuality, along with collegiality and coaction ; nevertheless, some award-bearing classs such as the Chartered Teacher ( CT ) can do struggle and bitterness, with some co-workers unwilling to collaborate. ( Forde et al. 2006 ) The traditional position of professionalism Centres on the categorization, organisation and occupational function, nevertheless, the construct is more complex in that, there are peculiar important characteristics which are often referred to. These normally include specialist cognition, liberty and duty. Therefore, Professionalism implies that such features are apparent in an person ‘s work. ( Kennedy, 2007 ) Forde et Al, ( 2006 ) suggest that teacher individuality is non ever closely connected to the function of being a instructor ; a individual ‘s values, beliefs, attitudes, feelings and apprehensions besides play a major portion in organizing professional individuality, as does personal history, ethnicity and civilization, hence, personal individuality besides plays a portion. Collaboration and engagement can intend different things to different people at different times. Williams, et Al ( 2006 ) discusses coaction between kids as a agency of larning and as an indispensable facet of pedagogical quality in educational scenes. Harmonizing to the surveies of Damon and Phelps ( 1989 ) , peer coaction is necessary for several accomplishments such as kids ‘s apprehension of justness, growing of self-pride, willingness to portion and attention, and ability to manage symbolic thought, every bit good as the fosterage of communicating accomplishments and the development of creativeness and critical thought. They besides suggest that coaction motivates kids to larn new accomplishments. Williams, ( 2001 ) found that immature kids collaborated constructively when there was a common job to be solved. This can be related to theories of acquisition ( Piaget, 1959 ; Sa?ljo? , 2000 ; Vygotskij, 1978, 1986 ) which show that kids learn and develop through coaction and togetherness. ( Williams. P, et Al, 2006 ) How to cite Collaboration And Professionalism And There Use In Educational Strategies, Essay examples

Strategic Marketing Management Social Media Industries

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Marketing Management for Social Media Industries. Answer: Introduction Established marketers to entrepreneurs everyone, desired to make everyone knowledgeable regarding their business and they always look for an efficient marketing strategy. In this assignment, the social media marketing strategy and their ethical consideration is chosen where the marketers desire to attract the attention of the individuals through social media site. Discussion Current consideration of Social Media Marketing Kim Ko, (2012) depicted that, 92% of the total marketers value the social media strategy to be the most effective marketing strategy and is still keep on increasing. On the other hand, Vinerean et al., (2013) enlightens that according to the social media examiner 97% of the marketers intend to participate in social media for promoting their business. Benefits of the Social Media Marketing There are several benefits related to the concerned marketing strategy resembling it helps to enhance the brand recognition as it provides a new medium for the brands voice and content (Patrick et al., 2012). People nowadays always in touch of their smart devices and connected with the social media like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Pinterest and others. Thus, marketers utilize this as an opportunity for attaining higher brand loyalty than other markets. An open social media plan proves to be influential in transforming consumers into being brand loyal. Tuten Solomon, (2014) also illustrates that a regular interaction with the end-consumers is always advantageous to attain customer faith and hence this strategy will also acquire high brand authority. These marketers also perform survey or assessments after every sale that provides them with better customer insights than other competitors. Ethical consideration To make this marketing strategy more accessible to the community, marketers consider some ethics. These ethical considerations help their business to obtain better search engine ranking. Depicting a perception Chretien Kind, (2013) indicated that marketers should not influence their social media customer to promote their business merchandises to other; however ethical marketers left it to the customers intention. Proceeding in this way, reveal their value for Honesty and keeps them associated with them in a long run. There are certain circumstances when the customers have been asked for their credentials while shopping something online or for any other purpose; it is the utmost responsibility of the marketers not to disclose any information of their end-users. Ultimately, Albarran, (2013) describes that endorsing a new approach to the marketing strategy to accomplish their trading system; these marketers should also monitor the evolving compliance concerning their social media web p ages and its content. In this way, these dealers can save their authenticity and also provide security to their valuable customers. Recommendation The recommendation concerning the social media marketing strategy is to monitor their marketing sites continuously so that they can able to identify any suspicious action at the initial stages to avoid further greater complication. These marketers are also intended to adopt security measures so that no one can create a hassle in their secured trading procedure. Conclusion The researcher hence concludes that as people nowadays are linked with the social sites all day long' hence, social media marketing strategy can be considered as the most influential and beneficial approaches to promoting business. References Albarran, A. B. (2013). The social media industries. Routledge. Chretien, K. C., Kind, T. (2013). Social media and clinical care ethical, professional, and social implications. Circulation, 127(13), 1413-1421. Patrick, K. J., Snyder, R., Margolis, M., Alahverdian, M., Barbera, S. (2012). U.S. Patent Application No. 13/670,238. Tuten, T. L., Solomon, M. R. (2014). Social media marketing. Sage. Vinerean, S., Cetina, I., Dumitrescu, L., Tichindelean, M. (2013). The effects of social media marketing on online consumer behavior. International Journal of Business and Management, 8(14), 66.

American Airlines Essay Example

American Airlines Essay Example American Airlines Essay American Airlines Essay Ninety-Four marked a significant increase in turnover and number of staff employed but a dip in profits. This was not seen as a concern as 93 and 94 were seen as years where the company was making big capital investments to improve future efficiency and capacity. For instance facilities at Gatwick and Heathrow were improved and the Club Europe brand was launched as a further incentive for business customers. BA teamed up further with Qantas and set up two franchises with Logonair and GB Airways in 94 and a further one at the beginning of 95 with Manx Airlines Europe. The economys of scale and new destinations that were offered by these companies allowed further cost cutting by BA but explains the increase in staff numbers. Ninety-Five, Ninety-Six and Ninety-seven were good years for BA. Profits doubled to above those that were being reached before the gulf war and turnover and employee numbers also went up to cope with increasing demand. The economy was in good shape and John Majors government secured new agreements with the USA allowing BA to occupy more slots at US airports. Shortly after BA sold its stake in USAir and went into an arrangement with the bigger American Airlines. A new three-year plan to revolutionise air travel is announced at a cost of i 500 million and is aimed at premium Business customers, the market which was responsible for BAs current large profits. New franchises are announced including overseas ones in Denmark and South Africa and agreements with Canadian Airlines. These arrangements go further towards developing BAs brand and reducing costs through economies of scale. Union problems were settled and cuts or freezes were made on cabin crew and ground staff wages. 1998 saw BA launch Go a no frills airline which would not compete for the same clientele as the increasingly business orientated BA. Manchester airports new 75million terminal was opened. Turnover and Staffing levels continued to go up but alarmingly profit halved. Thus began a time when budget airlines boomed and business airlines suffered. However Go was finding it difficult to attract customers from competitors easyjet and ryanair. In 1999 BAs profit after tax went into the red for the first time since privatisation. BA continued to forge relationships with other international airlines. In particular Spains Iberia who they bought a nine percent share of in February. Turnover continued to rise as did customer numbers and staff levels. The failure of Go, was a contributing factor to BAs worst result since 1982 (BA Reports and Accounts, 1999-2000, inside cover). In 1999, profits had taken a dramatic decline, with operating profit falling by i 358m, down to i 84m. Gross profit had also fallen by i 358m, down to i 261m. This fall in profits also had a negative impact upon investment in the company, with capital and reserves falling (BA Reports and Accounts, 1999-2000). These dramatic falls in profitability were caused by increased competition in the market, which led to competitive pricing and marketing. British Airways funds were getting used too quickly. The increase in oil prices also meant increased expenditure for BA. Things got worse for BA, with low employee morale, leading to poor customer service, which in turn deeply impacted upon BAs reputation (BA Reports and Accounts, 1999-2000). 2000 saw some return to form for the ailing BA. Turnover, Profits and Capital increased and cuts in staff were announced to try to curb the effects of the worldwide recession which seemed imminent. The figures for 2000, were an improvement, but were not back up to pre-1999 levels. One of the major reasons for this was the foot and mouth epidemic, which hit Britain in February 2000. This stopped a lot of people from traveling both out of but especially into the UK and badly hit BA. Also the petrol crisis boosted BAs expenses, and scared people into not traveling (bbc. co. uk). The grounding of Concorde after the Paris crash on July 25th badly hit the travel industry. It hit BAs upper and luxury class services including the business sector that they had been so carefully nurturing. In all this time of hardship, passenger traffic fell by more than 13% (telegraph. co. uk). 2001 looked promising; In May the airline reported a sharp rise in profits and revealed that it was making more money from each customer than it has done since it was privatised in 1987. The new chief executive, Rod Eddington, was being congratulated for turning BA around after years in the wilderness with former boss Bob Ayling. (news. bbc. co. uk/). He planned to stay true to the formula of concentrating on the premium business sector and so in June 2000 completed the sale of Go, BAs no-frills airline, making a  75m profit from its initial investment three years ago. Then, unbelievably the events of September the 11th occurred and within 2 weeks BA were announcing job cuts of over 7000, profit warnings were issued and competitors were going bust. Passengers were unwilling to fly due to safety concerns and the whole industry was hit hard. Suddenly the safety issue that had not grabbed the headlines for 10 years is again a priority and the mountain that BA had climbed since the Gulf War is bigger than ever. BA posted huge losses in 2001 with analysts predicting that it will take several years for the industry to begin to recover.

Free Essays on Aviation Finance

In the past few years, we have been able to see the near demise of some of the world’s largest airlines. However at the other end of the table sit such sound companies as Jet Blue and Southwest. The mere existence of such companies proves that airline carriers can be viable business entities. Troubled airlines such as United Airlines and American Airlines can see brighter skies in the future, by minimizing costs and maximizing revenues. Nevertheless, lowering costs and raising revenues cannot effectively fix the struggling airlines problems if the airlines are not able to operate in a free market environment. The airline industry is a service industry. The airlines are in the business of transporting people and their belongings as well as products. The major characteristics of the industry include the following: capital intensive, high cash flows, labor intensive, highly unionized, and seasonal. These characteristics are the cause of the industry’s then profit margin. In fact â€Å"airlines, through the years, have earned a net profit between one and two percent, compared to an average of above five percent for U.S. industry’s as a whole†. Due to the industry’s thin profit margin, it comes as no surprise that the history of airlines has been a rocky one. The airline industry has been for the most part profitable for the last sixty years. However a thin profit margin has been a major problem throughout the industry’s history. The majority of the airlines are unable to profitably deal with extreme economic events such as depression, recession, war, and of course the September 11 attacks. Furthermore they are unable to profitably deal with changes in the industry such as, the government deregulation that occurred in the late 70’s and early 80’s. The results of such events are larger than average declines in profit compared to higher profit margin industries. This fact can be seen in the annual reports publish... Free Essays on Aviation Finance Free Essays on Aviation Finance In the past few years, we have been able to see the near demise of some of the world’s largest airlines. However at the other end of the table sit such sound companies as Jet Blue and Southwest. The mere existence of such companies proves that airline carriers can be viable business entities. Troubled airlines such as United Airlines and American Airlines can see brighter skies in the future, by minimizing costs and maximizing revenues. Nevertheless, lowering costs and raising revenues cannot effectively fix the struggling airlines problems if the airlines are not able to operate in a free market environment. The airline industry is a service industry. The airlines are in the business of transporting people and their belongings as well as products. The major characteristics of the industry include the following: capital intensive, high cash flows, labor intensive, highly unionized, and seasonal. These characteristics are the cause of the industry’s then profit margin. In fact â€Å"airlines, through the years, have earned a net profit between one and two percent, compared to an average of above five percent for U.S. industry’s as a whole†. Due to the industry’s thin profit margin, it comes as no surprise that the history of airlines has been a rocky one. The airline industry has been for the most part profitable for the last sixty years. However a thin profit margin has been a major problem throughout the industry’s history. The majority of the airlines are unable to profitably deal with extreme economic events such as depression, recession, war, and of course the September 11 attacks. Furthermore they are unable to profitably deal with changes in the industry such as, the government deregulation that occurred in the late 70’s and early 80’s. The results of such events are larger than average declines in profit compared to higher profit margin industries. This fact can be seen in the annual reports publish...

Sexual harassment in the workplace Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sexual harassment in the workplace - Assignment Example According to the Equal Rights Advocates, sexual harassment is defined as â€Å"unwelcome verbal, visual, or physical conduct of a sexual nature that is severe or pervasive and affects working conditions or creates a hostile work environment.† When reading this definition it is difficult to understand how people would do this within the workplace, but it is important to understand that this happens on a regular basis. The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) states that in 2008, 13,867 cases of sexual harassment were received by them and 11,731 of those cases were resolved; 15.9% of these cases were filed by men. The Alliance Training and Consulting group found that in 2010, there were 11,717 cases filed with the EEOC and the eventual resolution of cases cost companies $48.4 million in damages. These statistics show that sexual harassment is not only a problem for the people who experience sexual harassment, but it also is very costly to the companies that are in volved. The challenge for many companies is that they do not know that there is training available for their employees which can help them resolve some of these issues before they begin. According to Pamela Mahabeer, a writer for AOL Jobs, although seminars are done to teach people about sexual harassment, it still is happening. ... Ellie Mystal, a writer for Above The Law, states that many men file sexual harassment claims when they are fired from a job because they are seeking a reason for their firing; many of these cases claimed that men were sexually harassed by other men. Another issue with sexual harassment is that it can be claimed that it creates a hostile work environment. In order to claim that this happens, it must meet two criteria: First, what is going on must be â€Å"subjectively abusive† to the person or persons affected and it must be â€Å"objectively severe or pervasive enough† to create an environment that other people would also find abusive (â€Å"Preventing†). This can happen in many instances and this often indicates that there are many incidences of sexual harassment that are being ignored, or that it is a constant harassing that happens over time. Sexual harassment is a very important issue in the workplace that needs to be challenged when it happens so that everyo ne can be in a safe environment when they are working. Works Cited Alliance Training and Consulting. â€Å"Harassment Statistics the Latest EEOC Statistics.† 2010. 29 June 2011. http://www.alliancetac.com/index.html?PAGE_ID=2702 Equal Rights Advocates. â€Å"Know Your Rights: Sexual Harassment at Work.† 2011. 20 June 2011. http://www.equalrights.org/publications/kyr/shwork.asp Mahabeer, Pamela. â€Å"Sexual Harassment Still Pervasive in the Workplace.† AOL Jobs. 8 January 2011. Web. 11 June 2011. http://jobs.aol.com/articles/2011/01/28/sexual-harassment-in-the-workplace . Mystal, Ellie. â€Å"Sexual Harassment: It’s Not Just for Women Anymore.† Above the Law. Web. March 24, 2010 http://abovethelaw.com/2010/03/sexual-harassment-men